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A Ballad in C
Key of C
With no sharps or flats, C major is the theoretical home base on guitar. The open G, B, and high E strings all belong to the C major chord, creating natural sustain. C is a beginner-level key on guitar because the open B and high E strings ring within the scale, and every basic chord uses familiar open shapes. Beginners will find this key approachable since most chords use open voicings with minimal stretching.
Voice Leading
The bass line moves through D to G (ascending perfect fourth), G to C (ascending perfect fourth), C to A (descending minor third), A to C# (ascending major third), C# to F# (ascending perfect fourth), F# to B (ascending perfect fourth), B to E (ascending perfect fourth), E to A (ascending perfect fourth), A to F# (descending minor third), F# to B (ascending perfect fourth), B to A (descending whole step), A to D (ascending perfect fourth), D to B (descending minor third), B to G (descending major third), G to F (descending whole step), F to A (ascending major third), A to F (descending major third), F to D# (descending whole step), D# to F (ascending whole step), F to A# (ascending perfect fourth), A# to G (descending minor third), G to F# (descending half step), F# to A# (ascending major third), A# to D# (ascending perfect fourth), D# to D# (ascending unison), D# to G# (ascending perfect fourth), G# to C# (ascending perfect fourth), C# to G# (descending perfect fourth), G# to A (ascending half step), A to G# (descending half step), G# to G# (ascending unison), G# to A (ascending half step), A to A# (ascending half step), A# to B (ascending half step), B to C (ascending half step). A half-step bass movement creates a strong leading-tone pull that demands resolution. The root motion by larger intervals (fourths and fifths) gives each chord change a strong, decisive character. When the progression loops, the bass returns from C to D by whole step.
Scales for Improvisation
C major pentatonic works because every note is either a chord tone or a safe passing tone — there are no avoid notes. For soloing, this means you can play freely without clashing. Over dominant seventh chords, C Mixolydian adds the flat seventh for an authentic blues-rock edge.