How Long Has This Been Going On? in D

George Gershwin / Ira Gershwin(1928)swing

How Long Has This Been Going On? in D

Key of D

D major is one of guitar's most resonant keys. The open D string acts as a droning root, and the open A string provides the fifth. This gives D-based strumming a wide, ringing quality that flatpicks and fingerpicks love. D is a beginner-level key on guitar because the open D and A strings provide a powerful bass foundation, and the open high E is the 2nd scale degree adding brightness. Beginners will find this key approachable since most chords use open voicings with minimal stretching.

Voice Leading

The bass line moves through A to A (ascending unison), A to D (ascending perfect fourth), D to G (ascending perfect fourth), G to C (ascending perfect fourth), C to D (ascending whole step), D to F (ascending minor third), F to E (descending half step), E to G (ascending minor third), G to F# (descending half step), F# to D (descending major third), D to C# (descending half step), C# to C# (ascending unison), C# to C# (ascending unison). A half-step bass movement creates a strong leading-tone pull that demands resolution. The predominantly stepwise bass motion creates smooth, connected voice leading. When the progression loops, the bass returns from C# to A by major third.

Scales for Improvisation

D major pentatonic works because every note is either a chord tone or a safe passing tone — there are no avoid notes. For soloing, this means you can play freely without clashing. Over dominant seventh chords, D Mixolydian adds the flat seventh for an authentic blues-rock edge.

swing4/4 · 26 bars · Form: AB

Chords: A7, Adim7, D7, G7, C7, DMaj7, Fdim7, Em7, GMaj7, F♯m7, D6, C♯7, C♯7♭9, C♯m7♭9.

Scales for Improvisation D bebop, D bebop major.

Diatonic chords: See all chords in the key of D